Main article:It is likely that the word 'Brazil' comes from the Portuguese word for, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology 'red like an ember', formed from brasa ('ember') and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium). As brazilwood produces a deep red dye, it was highly valued by the European textile industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by (mostly ) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods.The official Portuguese name of the land, in original Portuguese records, was the 'Land of the Holy Cross' ( Terra da Santa Cruz), but European sailors and merchants commonly called it simply the 'Land of Brazil' ( Terra do Brasil) because of the brazilwood trade.

1. Guerra De Los Pasteles Mapa Mental Health
2. La Guerra De Los Pasteles

The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name. Some early sailors called it the 'Land of Parrots'.In the, an official language of, Brazil is called 'Pindorama'. This was the name the indigenous population gave to the region, meaning 'land of the palm trees'. Representation of the landing of in, 1500. Painting of 1922.The land now called Brazil was claimed for the on 22 April 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese fleet commanded. The Portuguese encountered indigenous peoples divided into several tribes, most of whom spoke languages of the family, and fought among themselves.

Though the first settlement was founded in 1532, effectively began in 1534, when King divided the territory into the fifteen private and autonomous.However, the decentralized and unorganized tendencies of the captaincy colonies proved problematic, and in 1549 the Portuguese king restructured them into the, a single and centralized Portuguese colony in South America. In the first two centuries of colonization, Indigenous and European groups lived in constant war, establishing alliances in order to gain advantages against each other. By the mid-16th century, had become Brazil's most important export, and slaves purchased in, in the (not only those from Portuguese allies of their colonies in and ), had become its largest import, to cope with of sugarcane, due to increasing international demand for Brazilian sugar. Painting showing the arrest of; he was sentenced to death for his involvement in the best known in Colonial Brazil. Painting of 1914.By the end of the 17th century, sugarcane exports began to decline, and the discovery of gold by in the 1690s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering a which attracted thousands of new to Brazil from Portugal and all Portuguese colonies around the world. This increased level of immigration in turn caused between newcomers and old settlers.Portuguese expeditions known as gradually advanced the Portugal colonial in South America to approximately the current Brazilian borders.

In this era other European powers tried to colonize parts of Brazil, in incursions that the Portuguese had to fight, notably the French, and the, during the, after the end of.The Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the of Portugal's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of and resistance, such as the, and to repress all movements for or, such as the. Declaration of the by Prince Pedro (later Emperor ) on 7 September 1822.Tensions between Portuguese and Brazilians increased, and the, guided by the new political regime imposed by the 1820 Liberal Revolution, tried to re-establish Brazil as a colony. The Brazilians refused to yield, and Prince Pedro decided to stand with them, on 7 September 1822.

A month later, Prince Pedro was declared the first, with the royal title of Dom, resulting in the foundation of the.The, which had already begun along this process, spread through northern, northeastern regions and in province. The last Portuguese soldiers surrendered on 8 March 1824; Portugal officially recognized Brazil on 29 August 1825.On 7 April 1831, worn down by years of administrative turmoil and political dissent with both liberal and conservative sides of politics, including an attempt of, and unreconciled to the way that absolutists in Portugal had given in the succession of King John VI, Pedro I went to Portugal to, abdicating the Brazilian throne in favor of his five-year-old son and heir (who thus became the Empire's second monarch, with the royal title of Dom ). Between 1831 and 1889.As the new Emperor could not exert his constitutional powers until he became of age, a was set up by the National Assembly. In the absence of a charismatic figure who could represent a moderate face of power, during this period a series of localized rebellions took place, such as the in, the in, the , the , and the beginning in and supported. These emerged from the dissatisfaction of the provinces with the central power, coupled with old and latent social tensions peculiar to a vast, slaveholding and newly independent. This period of internal political and social upheaval, which included the in, was overcome only at the end of the 1840s, years after the end of the regency, which occurred with the in 1841.During the last phase of the monarchy, internal political debate centered on the issue of slavery. The was abandoned in 1850, as a result of the, but only in after a long process of internal mobilization and debate for an ethical and legal dismantling of, was the institution formally abolished.The foreign affairs in the monarchy were basically related to issues with the countries of the with which Brazil had borders.

Long after the that resulted in independence for, Brazil won three international wars during the 58-year reign of Pedro II. These were the, the and the devastating, the largest in Brazilian history.Although there was no desire among the majority of Brazilians to change the country's, on 15 November 1889, in attrition with the majority of officers, as well as with rural and financial elites (for different reasons), the monarchy was overthrown by a military coup. 15 November is now, a national holiday. Early republic. 1893, oil on canvas by.The early republican government was nothing more than a military dictatorship, with army dominating affairs both at Rio de Janeiro and in the states. Freedom of the press disappeared and elections were controlled by those in power. Along the during the.Kubitschek's successor, resigned in 1961 less than a year after taking office.

His vice-president, assumed the presidency, but aroused strong political opposition and was by a coup that resulted in a.The new regime was intended to be transitory but gradually closed in on itself and became a full dictatorship with the promulgation of the in 1968. Oppression was not limited to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society, inside and outside the country through the infamous '. Despite its brutality, like other, due to an economic boom, known as an 'economic miracle', the regime reached a peak in popularity in the early 1970s.Slowly however, the wear and tear of years of dictatorial power that had not slowed the repression, even after the defeat of the leftist guerrillas, plus the inability to deal with the economic crises of the period and popular pressure, made an opening policy inevitable, which from the regime side was led by Generals. With the enactment of the in 1979, Brazil began a slow return to democracy, which was completed during the 1980s.Civilians returned to power in 1985 when assumed the presidency. He became unpopular during his tenure through failure to control the economic crisis and he inherited from the military regime. Sarney's unsuccessful government led to the of the almost-unknown, subsequently impeached by the National Congress in 1992.Collor was succeeded by his vice-president, who appointed Minister of Finance. In 1994, Cardoso produced a highly successful, that, after decades of failed economic plans made by previous governments attempting to curb hyperinflation, finally stabilized the Brazilian economy.

Cardoso won the,. Holding the in his hands.The peaceful transition of power from Cardoso to his main opposition leader, ( and ), was seen as proof that Brazil had achieved a long-sought political stability. However, sparked by indignation and frustrations accumulated over decades from corruption, inefficiencies of the political and, erupted in Brazil from the middle of first term of, who had succeeded Lula after winning election.Enhanced by political and economic crises with evidence of involvement by politicians from all the primary political parties in several and schemes, with, Rousseff by the in 2016. In 2017, the Supreme Court asked for the investigation of 71 Brazilian lawmakers and nine ministers in President 's cabinet allegedly linked to the. President Temer is himself accused of.

In 2018, 62% of the population on a poll claimed that corruption was Brazil's biggest problem. Topographic map of BrazilBrazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior, sharing land borders with to the south; and to the southwest; and to the west; to the northwest; and, and (French overseas region of ) to the north. It shares a border with every South American country except and.It also encompasses a number of oceanic, such as,. Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. Including its islands, Brazil lies between latitudes and, and longitudes and.Brazil is the country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of 8,515,767.049 km 2 (3,287,956 sq mi), including 55,455 km 2 (21,411 sq mi) of water. It spans four; from comprising the state of and the westernmost portion of, to in the western states, to in the eastern states (the ) and in the.Brazil is the only country in the world that has the and the running through it. Brazilian topography is also diverse and includes hills, mountains, plains, highlands, and scrublands.

Much of the terrain lies between 200 metres (660 ft) and 800 metres (2,600 ft) in elevation. The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain broken by low, rounded hills. Canion of, a geological accident carved by the.The southeastern section is more rugged, with a complex mass of ridges and mountain ranges reaching elevations of up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). These ranges include the and and the.In the north, the form a major drainage divide, separating rivers that flow south into the from rivers that empty into the system, in Venezuela, to the north.

The highest point in Brazil is the at 2,994 metres (9,823 ft), and the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean.Brazil has a dense and complex system of rivers, one of the world's most extensive, with eight major drainage basins, all of which drain into the Atlantic. Major rivers include the (the world's second-longest river and the largest in terms of volume of water), the and its major tributary the (which includes the ), the, and rivers. The, the most biodiverse in the world.Brazil's large territory comprises different ecosystems, such as the, recognized as having the greatest in the world, with the and the, sustaining the greatest biodiversity. In the south, the pine forest grows under temperate conditions.

The rich wildlife of Brazil reflects the variety of natural habitats. Scientists estimate that the total number of and in Brazil could approach four million, mostly invertebrates.Larger mammals include carnivores, rare, and, and herbivores,. Are plentiful in the south, and many species of are found in the northern. Concern for the environment has grown in response to global interest in environmental issues.

Brazil's Amazon Basin is home to an extremely diverse array of fish species, including the. Despite its reputation as a ferocious freshwater fish, the red-bellied piranha is actually a generally timid scavenger. An animal of Brazil, in the.Biodiversity can contribute to, livestock, forestry and fisheries extraction.

However, almost all economically exploited species of plants, such as soybeans and coffee, or animals, such as chickens, are imported from other countries, and the economic use of native species still crawls. In the Brazilian GDP, the forest sector represents just over 1% and fishing 0.4%.The natural heritage of Brazil is severely threatened by cattle ranching and agriculture, logging, mining, resettlement, oil and gas extraction, over-fishing, wildlife trade, dams and infrastructure, water pollution, climate change, fire, and invasive species. In many areas of the country, the natural environment is threatened by development.The construction of highways has opened up previously remote areas for agriculture and settlement; dams have flooded valleys and inundated wildlife habitats; and mines have scarred and polluted the landscape.

At least 70 dams are said to be planned for the Amazon region, including the controversial hydroelectric dam. Government and politics. ('Plateau Palace'), the official workplace of the.The form of government is a, with a. The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is.

The previous president, replaced after her. The President appoints the, who assist in government. Legislative houses in each political entity are the main source of law in Brazil.

The is the Federation's bicameral legislature, consisting of the and the. Judiciary authorities exercise jurisdictional duties almost exclusively. Brazil is a, according to the 2010.The political-administrative organization of the Federative Republic of Brazil comprises the Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities. The Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities, are the 'spheres of government'. The is set on five fundamental principles: sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of human beings, the social values of labour and freedom of enterprise, and political pluralism.

The classic tripartite branches of government (executive, legislative and judicial under a checks and balances system) are formally established by the Constitution. The executive and legislative are organized, while the judiciary is organized only at the federal and state and Federal District spheres. Seat of the.All members of the executive and legislative branches are directly elected. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.

For most of its democratic history, Brazil has had a multi-party system, proportional representation. Voting is compulsory for the literate between 18 and 70 years old and optional for illiterates and those between 16 and 18 or beyond 70.Together with several smaller parties, four political parties stand out: (PT), (PSDB), (MDB) and (DEM). Fifteen political parties are represented in Congress. It is common for politicians to switch parties, and thus the proportion of congressional seats held by particular parties changes regularly. Almost all governmental and administrative functions are exercised by authorities and agencies affiliated to the Executive.Law. 'sThe armed forces of Brazil are the in Latin America by active personnel and the largest in terms of military equipment.

It consists of the (including the ), the (including the and ), and the. Brazil's policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1.6 million annually.Numbering close to 236,000 active personnel, the Brazilian Army has the largest number of armored vehicles in, including armored transports. It is also unique in Latin America for its large, elite forces specializing in unconventional missions, the, and the versatile Strategic Rapid Action Force, made up of highly mobilized and prepared Special Operations Brigade, 1st Jungle Infantry Battalion (Airmobile) and 12th Brigade Light Infantry (Airmobile) able to act anywhere in the country, on short notice, to counter external aggression.

The states' and the are described as an ancillary forces of the Army by the constitution, but are under the control of each state's governor.Brazil's navy, the second-largest in the Americas, once operated some of the most powerful warships in the world with the two, which sparked a between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Today, it is a force and has a group of specialized elite in retaking ships and naval facilities, unit specially trained to protect Brazilian oil platforms along its coast. It's the only navy in Latin America that operates an, and one of the ten navies of the world to operate one.The Air Force is the largest in Latin America and has about 700 manned aircraft in service and effective about 67,000 personnel.Brazil has not been invaded since 1865 during the. Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours and neither does it have rivalries, like Chile and Bolivia have with each other. The Brazilian military has also three times intervened militarily to overthrow the.

It has built a tradition of participating in UN missions such as in,. Foreign policy.

The seat of theBrazil's international relations are based on Article 4 of the, which establishes, and the as the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations.According to the Constitution, the has ultimate authority over foreign policy, while the is tasked with reviewing and considering all diplomatic nominations and, as well as legislation relating to Brazilian foreign policy.Brazil's foreign policy is a by-product of the country's unique position as a in, a leader among, and an emerging. Brazilian foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of, peaceful dispute settlement, and non-intervention in the affairs of other countries.Brazil is a founding member state of the (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, and international organization and political association of nations across four continents, where is an official language.An increasingly well-developed tool of Brazil's foreign policy is providing aid as a donor to other developing countries.

Brazil does not just use its growing economic strength to provide financial aid, but it also provides high levels of expertise and most importantly of all, a quiet non-confrontational diplomacy to improve governance levels. Total aid is estimated to be around $1 billion per year that includes. technical cooperation of around $480 million ($30 million in 2010 provided directly by the Brazilian Cooperation Agency (ABC)). an estimated $450 million for in-kind expertise provided by Brazilian institutions specialising in technical cooperationIn addition, Brazil manages a peacekeeping mission in ($350 million) and makes in-kind contributions to the ($300 million). This is in addition to humanitarian assistance and contributions to multilateral development agencies. The scale of this aid places it on par with China and India.

The Brazilian South-South aid has been described as a 'global model in waiting.' Law enforcement and crime. Car of theIn Brazil, the establishes five different police agencies for law enforcement:,. Of these, the first three are affiliated with federal authorities and the last two are subordinate to state governments. All police forces are the responsibility of the executive branch of any of the federal or state powers. The also can act in public disorder situations arising anywhere in the country.The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. In 2012, the (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the.

The number considered tolerable by the WHO is about 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. However, there are differences between the crime rates in the. While in the homicide rate registered in 2013 was 10.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, in it was 64.7 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants.Brazil also has high levels of incarceration and the third largest prison population in the world (behind only and the ), with an estimated total of approximately 700,000 prisoners around the country (June 2014), an increase of about 300% compared to the index registered in 1992.

The high number of prisoners eventually overloaded the Brazilian prison system, leading to a shortfall of about two hundred thousand accommodations. Administrative divisions. AndBrazil is a federation composed of 26, one, and the 5570. States have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Federal government. They have a governor and a unicameral legislative body elected directly by their voters. They also have independent Courts of Law for common justice. Despite this, states have much less autonomy to create their own laws than in the United States.

For example, criminal and civil laws can be voted by only the federal bicameral Congress and are uniform throughout the country.The states and the federal district may be grouped into regions:,. The Brazilian regions are merely geographical, not political or administrative divisions, and they do not have any specific form of government. Although defined by law, Brazilian regions are useful mainly for statistical purposes, and also to define the distribution of federal funds in development projects.Municipalities, as the states, have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Union and state government. Each has a mayor and an elected legislative body, but no separate Court of Law. Indeed, a Court of Law organized by the state can encompass many municipalities in a single justice administrative division called (county).Economy.

The country's main, and the largest in Latin AmericaBrazil is the largest national economy in, the and the in (PPP) according to the 2018 estimates. Brazil has a with abundant natural resources.

After rapid growth in preceding decades, the country amid a political corruption scandal and nationwide protests.Its GDP (PPP) per capita was $15,919 in 2017 putting Brazil in the 77th position according to IMF data. Active in, and Brazil has a labor force of over 107 million (ranking 6th worldwide) and unemployment of 6.2% (ranking 64th worldwide).The country has been expanding its presence in international financial and, and is one of a group of four emerging economies called the.

Brazil has been the world's largest for the last 150 years. Main article:Brazil is the world's energy consumer with much of its energy coming from, particularly and; the is the world's largest by energy generation. The first car with an ethanol engine was produced in 1978 and the first airplane engine running on ethanol in 2005.Recent oil discoveries in the have opened the door for a large increase in oil production. The governmental agencies responsible for the energy policy are the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the National Council for Energy Policy, the, and the.

The rivers in the region are known for their clear waters.Tourism in Brazil is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of the country. The country had 6.36 million visitors in 2015, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the main destination in and second in after. Revenues from international tourists reached US$6 billion in 2010, showing a recovery from the. Historical records of 5.4 million visitors and US$6.8 billion in receipts were reached in 2011.Natural areas are its most popular tourism product, a combination of with and, mainly sun and beach, and, as well as.

Among the most popular destinations are the, and in the, the in the, beaches at and, cultural tourism in and business trips to city.In terms of the 2015 (TTCI), which is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to develop business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, Brazil ranked in the 28st place at the world's level, third in the, after and.Brazil's main competitive advantages are its natural resources, which ranked 1st on this criteria out of all countries considered, and ranked 23rd for its cultural resources, due to its many. The TTCI report notes Brazil's main weaknesses: its ground transport infrastructure remains underdeveloped (ranked 116th), with the quality of roads ranking in 105th place; and the country continues to suffer from a lack of price competitiveness (ranked 114th), due in part to high ticket taxes and airport charges, as well as high prices and high taxation. Safety and security have improved significantly: 75th in 2011, up from 128th in 2008.According to the (WTO), international travel to Brazil accelerated in 2000, particularly during 2004 and 2005. However, in 2006 a slow-down took place, and international arrivals had almost no growth in 2007–08.In spite of this trend, revenues from international tourism continued to rise, from 4 billion in 2005 to 5 billion in 2007, despite 330 000 fewer arrivals. This favorable trend is the result of the strong devaluation of the US dollar against the, which began in 2004, but which makes Brazil a more expensive international destination. The Garganta do Diabo Walkway allow panoramic view of the falls from the Brazilian side.This trend changed in 2009, when both visitors and revenues fell as a result of the of 2008–09. By 2010, the industry had recovered, and arrivals grew above 2006 levels to 5.2 million international visitors, and receipts from these visitors reached US$6 billion.

Of the, the largest in Latin America.The Brazilian system, the (SUS), is managed and provided by all levels of government, being the largest system of this type in the world. On the other hand, systems play a complementary role.Public health services are universal and offered to all citizens of the country for free. However, the construction and maintenance of health centers and hospitals are financed by taxes, and the country spends about 9% of its GDP on expenditures in the area. In 2012, Brazil had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants.Despite all the progress made since the creation of the system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Brazil.

In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births).The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Brazilian population. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 14.9% of all deaths in the country. The Brazilian health system was ranked 125th among the 191 countries evaluated by the (WHO) in 2000. Classroom in the main campus of the,The and the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education determine that the, the, the, and the must manage and organize their respective education systems.

Each of these public educational systems is responsible for its own maintenance, which manages funds as well as the mechanisms and funding sources. The constitution reserves 25% of the state budget and 18% of federal taxes and municipal taxes for education.According to the, in 2011, the literacy rate of the population was 90.4%, meaning that 13 million (9.6% of population) people are still illiterate in the country; functional illiteracy has reached 21.6% of the population. Illiteracy is highest in the Northeast, where 19.9% of the population is illiterate.Higher education starts with undergraduate or sequential, which may offer different options of specialization in academic or professional careers.

Depending on the choice, students can improve their educational background with courses of post-graduate studies or broad sense.Attending an institution of higher education is required by Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education., and medium educations are required of all students, provided the student does not hold any disability, whether physical, or.The is the second best in, according to recent 2019. Of the top 20 Latin Americans universities, eight are Brazilian. Most of them are. Media and communication. Population density of Brazilian municipalities PopulationYearMillion1017.7The population of Brazil, as recorded by the 2008 PNAD, was approximately 190 million (22.31 inhabitants per square kilometre or 57.8/sq mi), with a ratio of men to women of 0.95:1 and 83.75% of the population defined as urban. The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8 million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5 million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1 million inhabitants.The first census in Brazil was carried out in 1872 and recorded a population of 9,930,478. From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived.

Brazil's population increased significantly between 1940 and 1970, because of a decline in the, even though the underwent a slight decline. In the 1940s the annual was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years and to 72.6 years in 2007.It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950 and 1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of –0.29% by 2050 thus completing the.In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48% and among the (ages 15–19) 1.74%. It was highest (20.30%) in the Northeast, which had a large proportion of rural poor. Illiteracy was high (24.18%) among the rural population and lower (9.05%) among the urban population. Race and ethnicity. 3.2%Religion in Brazil was formed from the meeting of the Catholic Church with the religious traditions of enslaved African peoples and indigenous peoples.

This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities, and in some instances, 's (a religion which incorporates elements of and Christianity). Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century, and the Protestant community has grown to include over 22% of the population. The most common Protestant denominations are and ones. Other Protestant branches with a notable presence in the country include the, and the.

In, is the second largest church in the worldis the country's predominant faith. Brazil has the world's largest Catholic population.

According to the 2000 Demographic Census (the PNAD survey does not inquire about religion), 73.57% of the population followed; 15.41%; 1.33% Kardecist spiritism; 1.22% other Christian denominations; 0.31% Afro-Brazilian religions; 0.13%; 0.05%; 0.02%; 0.01% Amerindian religions; 0.59% other religions, undeclared or undetermined; while 7.35% have no religion.However, in the last ten years Protestantism, particularly in forms of Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism, has spread in Brazil, while the proportion of Catholics has dropped significantly. After Protestantism, individuals professing no religion are also a significant group, exceeding 7% of the population as of the 2000 census.

The cities of, and have the greatest proportion of residents in Brazil., and were the most Roman Catholic in the country., not including the, is the most irreligious and least Roman Catholic Brazilian periphery, while and Greater are on the opposite sides of the lists, respectively. Main articles: andAccording to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) urban areas already concentrate 84.35% of the population, while the Southeast region remains the most populated one, with over 80 million inhabitants.The largest urban agglomerations in Brazil are, and – all in the Southeastern Region – with 21.1, 12.3, and 5.1 million inhabitants respectively. The majority of state capitals are the largest cities in their states, except for, the capital of, and, the capital of Santa Catarina. Of the,The official language of Brazil is Portuguese (Article 13 of the ), which almost all of the population speaks and is virtually the only language used in newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative purposes. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors.has had its own development, mostly similar to 16th-century Central and Southern dialects of European Portuguese (despite a very substantial number of Portuguese colonial settlers, and, coming from, and in minor degree Portuguese ), with a few influences from the and, especially and restricted to the vocabulary only. As a resultthe language is somewhat different, mostly in phonology, from the language of Portugal and other (the dialects of the other countries, partly because of the more recent end of in these regions, have a closer connection to contemporary ). These differences are comparable to those between and.In 1990, the (CPLP), which included representatives from all countries with Portuguese as the official language, reached an to unify the two standards then in use by Brazil on one side and the remaining lusophone countries on the other.

Guerra De Los Pasteles Mapa Mental Health

This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on 1 January 2009. In Portugal, the reform was signed into law by the President on 21 July 2008 allowing for a 6-year adaptation period, during which both orthographies will co-exist. The remaining CPLP countries are free to establish their own transition timetables.The legally recognized in 2002, (the law was in 2005) the use of the, more commonly known by its Portuguese LIBRAS, in education and government services. The language must be taught as a part of the and curricula. LIBRAS teachers, instructors and translators are recognized professionals. Schools and health services must provide access (') to. Interior of the in, one of the richest expressions of.The core culture of Brazil is derived from, because of its strong colonial ties with the Portuguese Empire.

La Guerra De Los Pasteles

Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the,. The culture was, however, also strongly influenced by, and non-Portuguese European cultures and traditions.Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of, and other European as well as, and immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil during the 19th and 20th centuries.

The indigenous Amerindians influenced Brazil's language and; and the Africans influenced language, cuisine, dance and religion.has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century) to,. Dates back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century and has gained a new level of international acclaim since the 1960s. The, an example ofThe architecture of Brazil is influenced by Europe, especially Portugal. It has a history that goes back 500 years to the time when discovered Brazil in 1500. Was the first wave of architecture to go to Brazil. It is the basis for all Brazilian architecture of later centuries. In the 19th century during the time of the, Brazil followed European trends and adopted.

Then in the 20th century especially in Brasilia, Brazil experimented with.The colonial architecture of Brazil dates to the early 16th century when Brazil was first explored, conquered and settled by the Portuguese. The Portuguese built architecture familiar to them in Europe in their aim to colonise Brazil. They built Portuguese colonial architecture which included Churches, civic architecture including houses and forts in Brazilian cities and the countryside.

During 19th Century Brazilian architecture saw the introduction of more European styles to Brazil such as Neoclassical and Gothic Revival architecture. This was usually mixed with Brazilian influences from their own heritage which produced a unique form of Brazilian architecture. In the 1950s the was introduced when was built as new federal capital in the interior of Brazil to help develop the interior. The architect idealized and built Government buildings, Churches and civic buildings was constructed in the modernist style. Considered by some as the greatest Brazilian poet.dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as, filled with descriptions of, and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers.Brazil produced significant works in – novelists like and wrote novels about love and pain.

Alencar, in his long career, also treated indigenous people as heroes in the novels, and., one of his contemporaries, wrote in virtually all genres and continues to gain international prestige from critics worldwide., evidenced by the in 1922, was concerned with a nationalist avant-garde literature, while brought a generation of distinct poets like, and internationally known writers dealing with universal and regional subjects like,. Interior of the, in.The theatre in Brazil has its origins in the period of Jesuit expansion when theater was used for the dissemination of Catholic doctrine in the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th centuries the first dramatists who appeared on the scene of European derivation was for court or private performances. During the 19th century, dramatic theater gained importance and thickness, whose first representative was (1813–1848), capable of describing contemporary reality.

Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. Significant, also in the nineteenth century, was also the playwright. There were also numerous operas and orchestras. The Brazilian conductor became internationally known with operas like. At the end of the 19th century orchestrated dramaturgias became very popular and were accompanied with songs of famous artists like the conductress.Already in the early 20th century there was the presence of theaters, entrepreneurs and actor companies, but paradoxically the quality of the products staggered, and only in 1940 the Brazilian theater received a boost of renewal thanks to the action of Paschoal Carlos Magno and his student's theater, the comedians group and the Italian actors, Ruggero Jacobbi and Aldo Calvo, founders of the Teatro Brasileiro de Comedia. From the 1960s it was attended by a theater dedicated to social and religious issues and to the flourishing of schools of dramatic art.

The most prominent authors at this stage were. Who won three for in, and, is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time.The most popular sport in Brazil is. The is ranked among the best in the world according to the, and has won the tournament a record five times., and also attract large audiences.

The, for example, currently holds the titles of the, and the. In auto racing, three Brazilian drivers have won the world championship eight times.Some sport variations have their origins in Brazil:, (indoor football) and emerged in Brazil as variations of football. In martial arts, Brazilians developed,.